英语中不定式的时态、语态和用法讲解
2021-10-02 17:14:57 10
在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形),把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词,所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。
不定式的时态和语态:
不定式共有4种时态形式(均是主动语态),另有2种被动语态形式:
不定式的用法:
不定式可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
1)作主语
To work hard doesn’t necessarily mean getting high grades.
下苦功不一定就能获得高分。
For one to do a good deed is very easy.
一个人做一件好事很容易。
2)作表语
My job is to take care of children.
我的工作是照看小孩。
Her plan is to build a highway for the villagers.
她的计划是为村民们建一条公路。
3)作宾语
不定式作宾语的场合很多,以下是能够带不定式作宾语的动词:
ask, want, agree
expect, like, hate
hope, wish, try
start, begin, offer
prefer, continue, manage
forget, promise, mean
intend, attempt, decide
determine, pretend, learn
desire, choose, tell
advise, show, discuss
I asked to be the first volunteer.
我要求当第一名志愿者。
Do you want to leave here?
你想要离开这里?
We all agreed to do the spring cleaning.
我们都同意过进行春季大扫除的。
He hopes to be chosen.
他希望被选中。
有几十个动词后面不能接不定式作宾语,只能接-ing式,查阅公众号宾语部分。
4)作宾补
不定式在下列动词后常作宾补:
want, advise, expect
force, get, make
have, let, invite
encourage, beg, like
prefer, promise, tell
ask, show, teach
Who wants you to drop out?
谁想要你退出?
She advised us tolook into the case first.
她建议我们先调查一下此案。
Did he tell you how to use the machine?
他告诉过你怎么使用这台机器吗?
5)作定语
不定式作定语(只作后置定语)时,它与被修饰的名词(或代词)经常存在“动词+宾语”的关系或者“主语+谓语”的关系。
He has two novels to read.
她有两本书可以读。
关系=to read(动词) novels(宾语)
There are many people to do it.
关系:=people(主语) do (it)(谓语)
本文作者:丹丹英语(公众号:英语语法学习)