常用经济术语
2021-10-19 14:59:06 12
国民经济、对外经济贸易 national economy, foreign economic relations and trade经济指标 economic indicators社会总产值 total product of society国民生产总值 gnp (gross domestic product)国内生产总值 gdp (gross domestic product)人均国内生产总值 gdp per capita工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入 national income购买力平价法 purchasing power parity财政收入 state revenue社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index百分点 percentage points"八五"划划 the 8th five-year plan for national economic and social development计划经济 planned economy统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济 market economy指令性计划 mandatory plan指导性计划 guidance plan市场调节 market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济 export-oriented economy创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型 labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources生产力 productive forces生产资料 capital goods科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings火炬计划 torch plan技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock风险投资 venture investment/capital固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets折旧费 depreciation cost关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood供大于求 oversupply供不应求 short supply经济过热 overheated economy抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏观调控 macro-economic control经济杠杆 economic levers产业政策 industrial policy财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns社会效益 social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms减免税收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation出资方式 means of contributing investment合营期限 contract term of a joint venture三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴 trade partner转口贸易 transit trade外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程 turn-key project招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system招标出售技术 bids for technology公开招标 call for bid; tenders招标单 invitation for bid (ifb)标书 bidding document 竟标 competitive bidding投标 bid for a project投标报价书 bid proposals评标 bid proposal evaluation开标 bid opening 中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖 auction租赁 leasing保税区 bonded area; free trade area实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system知识产权 intellectual property rights技术转让 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向书 letter of intent投资环境 investment environment跨国公司 transnational coorporation基础设施 infrastructure20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商项目 project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage加大改革力度 intensify reforms一条龙服务 one package service一支笔审批 one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。 to a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development经济实力 economic capabilities龙头 pacemaker; leading role三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.瓶颈 bottleneck以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control良性循环 positive cycle国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成 pattern has taken initial shape.理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性亏损 policy-related loss三角债 chain debts上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise生意兴隆/冷淡 business is booming/sluggish质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization批量生产 mass production以销定产 limit production to market ability内联企业 inland associated enterprises菜篮子工程 shipping basket project国产化 percentage of home-made parts配套改革 coordinated reforms配套措施 supporting measures配套工程 auxiliary project国内配套资金 domestic funds向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry升级换代 upgrading and updating看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth行情看好 favorable price/market can be expected.行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate在过渡时期 in a period of transition 粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation基础地位 leading position门类齐全 covering extensive fields存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves贸易顺差 trade surplus完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system消灭失业 wipe out unemployment降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order紧缩银根 tighten the money supply一位数水平 one digit level保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。 this meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.市场疲软 a market slump库存积压 overstocked products国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning统一定价 unified price setting国家统配物资 materials allocated by state货币发放 the issue of currency规范价格秩序 standardize the price order简化流通环节，增加随机检查 simplify circulation and add more random checks 市场机制开始发挥调节作用。 the market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role. 由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。 grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances are turned into open allowance.导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。 an important factor (contributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural adjustment of prices.
